Milk production In Indian cattle Breed

In the world many different cattle. and different Cattle give different quantity of milk.

The average milk yield of sahiwal is between 1400 & 2500 kilograms per lactation.

Red Sindhi milk yield ranges from 1100 to 2600 kilograms.

Rathi produce 1560 kilograms of milk and the lactation milk yield ranges from 1062 to 2810 kilograms.

kankrej milk production is 1000 to 2000 lit per lactation

gir cattle milk productio is 2000 to 3000 lit per lactation.

Kankrej bull

SOBHASAN village kankrej cow herd is the best herd in the gujarat and best kankrej herd in world 

https://youtu.be/LlZFJf8NLbA

bull name is DHELIYA.

Botulism

Botulism 

                   Fatal motor paralysis of cattle, sheep and birds due to toxins of Clostredium. botulinum which proliferates in the decaying animal matter. History of access to decaying carcass on pastures. Deficiency of proteins and phosphorus are predisposing factors. 

Clinical Symptoms 

                     paralysis commencing in hind quarters. Progressive muscle weakness and Confirmation By demonstrating specific toxins in the ingesta on autopsy. 

Treatment 

                    Specific or polyvalent anti-toxic serum úseru in early stages. Purgatives for removal of toxins from gut. 

Prophylaxis 

                By vaccination with type specific precipitated toxoid in enzootic areas.

BLACK QUARTER (B.Q.)

Black Quarter (B.Q.)

Aetiology :

                Acute infection of young bovines usually below 2 years age, sheep and goats, caused by Claustridium Chauvoei 

Clinical Symptoms:

                Sudden onset, high fever, Lameness accompanied with inflammatory swelling of thigh musculature, crepitating sound on palpation of swelling. Severe toxaemia. 

Confirmation : 

            Examination of smears of exudate from crepitant swelling. Also send a piece of affected muscle in 10 % formalin

Treatment- 

                   Incise swelling and drain off the exudates. Inj. Anthisan. Continue antibiotics for 4 - 6 days. B.Q. antiserum in large doses if available. 

                 Crystalline Pencillin 40 - 80 Lakh i.u. iv and procaine penicilin 40 lakh im. Hyperimmune anti Anthrax serum 100 -200 ml, iv is specific. Repeat crystalline penicillin at 3 hourly interval. TERRAMYCIN or OXYSTECLIN in high doses iv could also be used.

Prevention:-

                    Alum precipitated vaccine 5 ml, sc Immunity for 5 months. Annual revaccination before monsoon is recommended in enzootic areas. Combined H.S./B.Q. vaccine commercially available in small dose packings.

Anthrax

Anthrax 

                 Peracute septicemic disease of animals caused by Bacillus anthrasis, common in cattle. Commnunicable to man.

Clinical Symptoms- 

            Hyperpyrexia, bleeding from natural orifices, sudden death.

 Confirmation 

              Examination of blood smears. Tarry black blood. Spleen enlarged 8 - 10 times and black. Send either blood or piece or ear neatly packed, for laboratory confirmation (Ascoli's precipitation test and Guinea pig inoculation test.) 

Treatment : 

            Crystalline Pencillin 40 - 80 Lakh i.u. iv and procaine penicilin 40 lakh im. Hyperimmune anti Anthrax serum 100 -200 ml, iv is specific. Repeat crystalline penicillin at 3 hourly interval.

TERRAMYCIN  or OXYSTECLIN in high doses iv could also be used. 

Prophylaxis -

                    Anthrax spore vaccine 1 ml, sc Spore vaccine to be handled with great caution and used only where repeated outbreaks are confirmed. 

Immunity : 

                one  year. Annual revaccination in enzootic areas. Do not open carcass if Anthrax is suspected. Deep burial of carcass and disinfection of cattle shed.

Actionobacillosis, Wooden tongue

Actionobacillosis (Wooden tongue) 

       Disease of bovines caused by Actinobcillus lignieresi. Acute inflammatory. swelling of soft tissues of head (Lymph glands and tongue) followed by indurations and abscess formation of lymph glands. For confirmation send pus smears. 

Treatment : 

Biniodide of Mercury  0.2 gm. in water as

Potassium Iodide  10 gm. a drench for 7 days.

Potassium Iodide 2 gm. in 20 ml. dist. water iv repeated 2 -3 times at 3days interval. 

        Streptopenicillin in high dose daily for 6 - 8 days is highly effective. Long actirg tetracycline (Terramycin-LA, Oxyvet-LA) in recommended dose may also be tried. 

Prophylaxis - 

No vaccine available. The veterinarian and dresser/ attendants should take precautions because the infection is transmissible to human. 

John's Disease (J.D.)

John's Disease (J.D.)

                   A specific infectious chronic enteritis affecting cattle usually of 2 - 6 years age group. Sheep and goats are also affected. Caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Chronic emaciation in spite of normal appetite. Chronic recurrent diarrhoea which does not respond to treatment. Intestinal mucosa thickend and corrugated. Absorption of nutrients does not occur. 

Confirmation 

               Scrapings from rectal m.m.. for acid-fast bacilli in epithelial cell. Serum for C.F. test. Allergic test. Johnin test (Single intradermal test using 0.2 ml. Johnin in the skin of neck. Appreciable oedematous swelling at 48 hrs. indicates positive reaction. Double intradermal testing with Avian tuberculin is also conducted.

Fecal Microscopic Examination:

                  Collect Faecal samples directly from rectum. One gram faecal sample is triturated with pestle and inortar in NSS. Centrifuge triturated mixture at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes. Prepare smears from supernatant of these samples and stain with hiezl-Neelson method of acid fost staining. 

Treatment 

                 Infection is very resistant to treat. Streptomycin @ 25 mg kg body wt. given a prolonged period effects only a transient recovery, hence not economical and usually not advocated Inj. Streptomycin 5 gm vial is now available. 

Control By segregation. No vaccine available.

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (H.S.)

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (H.S.)

                     Acute septicaemic disease of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats caused by Pasteurella multocida. Outbreaks usually occur in early monsoon and during stress conditions. 

Clinical Symptoms 

             The disease mainly occurs in per-acute, acute and sub-acute form. The main symptoms shown are high fever, nasal discharge, dyspnoea, lachrymation, rapid pulse, anorexia, drop in the milk yield, oedema under the jaw/neck. Prostration and death. In some cattle, buffaloes and sheep there is nervous involvement. In some there may be haemorrhagic diarrhoea.

Confirmation Testing in laboratory

              Blood smear and smear from oedematous fluid. Leishman's staining can show typical bipolars organisms. Send blood and gedematous fluid in sterile pippet on ice for rabbit inoculation. 

Treatment 

Effective if given in early stages Sulfa drugs : 

VESADIN (Rhone P.) sc 100 200 ml

DIADIN (Pfizer) as initial dose for adults

SULPHADIMIDINE (Ind. Immunol) Half dose by iv and half 

 DIMDIN (Kosmorex) Repeat half dose after 24 hrs 

                For chronic pastureliosis Inj. Trimethoprim Sulpha or Biotrim iv -15-30 ml by slow iv. In all forms of disease Terramycin or Oxystectlin 40- 60 ml iv are also effective. Maintain prolonged levels by giving Terramycin-LA or Oxysteclin-LA 20 - 30 ml im. Inj. Anthisan 10 ml sc and (or any other antihistamine). 

Prevention

                    Alum precipitated H.S. vaccine 5 ml sc (Immunity: 6 months) Oil adjuvant vaccine 2.5 to 3 ml im (Immunity : 1 year). This may produce severe shock the reaction after vaccination in some animals. The reactions can be controlled by prompt use of antihistaminic inj.

Chaff Cutter, Types of Chaff Cutter, Benifits of Chaff Cutter, Maintenance of Chafcutter

Chaffcutter

                     Pastoralists tend to bundle green and dry fodder mostly all over the animal, some pastoralists cut it into two or three pieces.  Due to the length of the pieces, it is not easy for the animal to eat and about 20 to 30 percent of the fodder remains in the wast and goes to the garbage. The dry leaves of sliced ​​ sorghum and millet are eaten by the animal and the stalks are left as they are, wasting the nutrients in such a race.  In addition about 30 percent of the 10 kilograms of kadab go to the garbage instead of going to the animal's stomach.  From an economic point of view, we throw away three kilograms of the grass, estimated price of Rs.12. This is not going to work in today's era of inflation. Approximately Rs. 4000/- per fodder for two animals a year.  Losing is not fair.

                 If sorghum is cut into small pieces, the animal can eat all the fodder without wasting it and the wastage of fodder can be prevented. Large herdsmen use electric chaff cutters to cut small pieces of fodder.

                 Feeding dairy cattle with chopped fodder saves their feeding power and time.  Which is used to chew animal food.  Only if the animal chews for at least 12 to 14 hours a day will it be in good health and milk production and milk fat-S.N.F. Increases.

Types of chaff cutters

A) Hands Sudo for cutting grass:

                      This hand suda has been adopted by many progressive pastoralists of North Gujarat. These sudas can be used very easily.  If you find it tedious to sit on the ground and cut into pieces, you can quickly make a three-foot-high, one-and-a-half-foot-long and three-foot-long earthenware and stone porch and place the soda on it. Suda's handle is long and low strength is used when mowing.  This operation is done quickly if a man puts a bundle on a blade and a man cuts it.

B) Round wheel chaff cutter:

                    Such a chaffcutter has a round egg (clay wheel). Inside which are given two blades. The wheel has a handle. So that the blade that rotates it gets a toning speed. The flywheel is mounted on an axle that rotates directly adjacent to the iron stand, with wheeled wheels arranged on the same axis. From the roller arranged on the stand the pulses have to be carefully pushed into the roll. Operation is a bit faster and a little harder in such chadkatras than hand suds. 

               The wheel of such a round wheeled chaff cutter can be attached and rotated using a pulley with a cutter wheel, a diesel engine or a tractor. The advantage of such a chaff cutter is that the chaff cutter can be operated even if there is no electricity. There is no need to install a separate motor.  Such a chaff cutter can cut 400 to 500 kg of grass in an hour.

C) Cylinder Pie Chaff Cutter:

                 There are two types of this type of chaffcutter which are hand operated as well as electric. Such a chaffcutter has three to four blades in the cylinder. The bundle is passed through a roller so that it comes in small pieces when it comes in contact with the blade in the cylinder. Electric-powered chaff cutters have the facility to make a heap of cut pieces of kadab in a closed beehive with the help of a blower.  The fodder can also be loaded directly into carts or tractor trolleys. Such chaffcutters cut fodder in proportion to the capacity of the motor.

Benefits of using Chaffcutter:

 (1) The leafy part of the fodder is collected in small pieces by squeezing the kadab or other fodder, so the part with the stalk which is not eaten by the animal on a normal night is also mixed with the leaf and the fodder is not spoiled. About 30 percent of the fodder survives. The tea factor can cause small pieces of fodder to be eaten by the animal. So that milk production can be increased up to 10%.

 (2) When cutting into pieces in a chaff cutter, greens and dry leaves can be combined and cut. Thus even dry fodder is eaten without spoiling the animals.

 (3) There is a problem when there is no electricity (power supply) in an electric chaff cutter. But for this we should start the practice of cutting the fodder one day in advance and making a heap.  Fodder cutting can be planned using leisure time.

Maintenance of Chafcutter:

 (1) Chaffcutter blades should be periodically sharpened and used properly. If the edge has settled, use it only after rubbing with a handgrinder and periodically inspect the space between the cutter blade and the head. Doing so maintains speed in cutting operations.

 (2) Oil/grease should be applied to the wheels and where necessary before operating the chaff cutter.  Check if the machine is free.

 (3) To tighten the loose bolts before operating the chaffcutter so that an accident does not occur.

 (4) Regular overhauling of chaffcutter should be done.

 (5) When the chaff cutter is not in use, it should be kept covered properly so that it does not get wet in rain.

 (6) Before turning on the chaffcutter, make sure that the electric point, wiring is correct.

 (7) Do not operate the machine at low voltage and do not operate the machine by pulling wires at very long distances.

 (8) Fodder according to the capacity of each type of machine, do not overload.

 (9) If there is any problem in the chaff cutter machine, immediately inform the company or the concerned officer.

Transportation Rules for Cattle (1978)

Transport of Cattle Rules.

           Rules 47 to 56 shall apply to the transport by rail of cows, bulls, bullocks, buffaloes, yaks and calves. (hereinafter in these rules referred to as cattle). 

Rule 47. 

(a). A valid certificate by a qualified veterinary surgeon to the effect that the cattle are in a fit conditionj to travel by rail or road and are not suffering from any infectious or contagious or parasitic diseases and that thay have been vaccinated against rinderpest and any other infectious or contagious or parasitic diseases, shall accompany each consignment. 

(b). In the absence of such a certificate, the carrier shall refuse to accept the consignment for transport. 

(c). The certificate shall be in the form specified in Schedule E. 

Rule 48. 

Veterinary first-aid equipment shall accompany all batches of cattle.

Rule  49. 

(a). Each consignment shall bear a label showing in bold red letters the name , address and telephone number (if any) of the consignor and consignee, the number and types of cattle being transported and quantity of rations and food provided. 

(b). The consignee shall be informed about the train or vehicle in which the consignment of cattle is being sent and its arrival time in advance. 

(c). The consignment of cattle shall be booked by the next train or vehicle and shall not be detained after the consignment is accepted for booking. 

Rule 50.

              The average space provided per cattle in Railway wagon or vehicle shall not be less than two square metres. 

Rule 51. 

(a). Suitable rope and platforms should be used for loading cattle from vehicles.

(b). In case of railway wagon the dropped door of the wagon may be used as a ramp when loading or unloading is done to the platform.

Rule 52. 

         Cattle shall be loaded after they are properly feed and given water. 

Rule 53. 

            Cattle in advanced stage of pregnancy shall not be mixed with young cattle in order to avoid stampede suring transportation.

Rule 54. 

(1). Watering arrangements on route shall be made and sufficient quantities of water shall be carried for emergency. 

(2). Sufficient feed and fooder with adequate reserve shall be carried to last during the journey. 

(3). Adequate ventilation shall be ensured. 

Rule 55. 

                When cattle is to be transported by rail.

 (a). An ordinary goods wagon shall carry not more than ten adult cattle or fifteen calves on broad gauge, not more than six adult cattle or ten calves on metre guage, or not more than four cattle or six calves on narrow gauge.

 (b). Every wagon carrying cattle shall have at least one attendant.

 (c). Cattle shall be loaded parallel to the rails, facing each other.

 (d). Rations for padding, such as straw, shall be placed on the floor to avoid injury if a cattle lies down and this shall not be less than 6 cms thick.

 (e). Rations for the journey shall be carried in the middle of the wagon.

 (f). To provide adequate ventilation, upper door of one side of the wagon shall be kept open properly fixed and the upper door of the wagon shall have wire gauge closely welded mesh arrangements to prevent burning cinders from the engines entering the wagon and leading to fire outbreak.

 (g). Cattle wagon should be attached in the middle of the train.

 (h). Cooking shall not be allowed in the wagons nor hurricane lamps without chimneys. 

 (i). Two breast bars shall be provided on each side of the wagon, one at height of 60 to 80 cm and the other at 100 to 110 cm.

 (J). Cattle-in-milk shall be milked at least twice a day and the calves shall be given sufficient quantity of milk to drink.

 (k). As far as possible, cattle may be moved during the nights only.  (1). During day time, if possible, they should be unloaded, fed, given water and rested and if in milk, milking shall be carried out. 

Rule 56. 

          When cattle are to be transported by goods vehicle the following precautions are to be taken namely: 

(a). Specially fitted goods vehicles with a special type of tail board and padding around the sides should be used. 

(b). Ordinary goods vehicles shall be provided with anti-slipping material, such as coir matting or wooden board on the floor and the superstructure, if low, should be raised. 

(c). No goods vehicle shall carry more than six cattle. 

(d). Each goods vehicle shall be provided with one attendant. 

(e). While transporting, the cattle, the goods, vehicles shall not be loaded with any other merchandise; and 

(f). to prevent cattle being frightened or injured, they should preferably, face the engine.

Gir cow

The Gir Cattle...

                (Bhodali, Desan, Gujarati, Kathiawari, Sorthi)

Summary

                 The Gir is a famous milk cattle breed of India. The native tract of the breed is Gir hills and forests of Kathiawar including Junagadh, Bhavnagar, Rajkot and Amreli districts of Gujarat. The total cattle population of Saurashtra region is 2.5 million and Gir breed accounts for 37 percent of total cattle population in the region. The body of Gir animals is well proportioned. Udder in cows is well developed and round.

Introduction

                    The Gir is a famous milk cattle breed of India. The native tract of the breed is Gir hills and forests of Kathiawar including Junagadh, Bhavnagar, Rajkot and Amreli districts of Gujarat. This breed is also known as Bhodali, Desan, Gujarati, Kathiawari, Sorthi and Surti in different parts of the breeding tract. The Gir animals are famous for their tolerance to stress conditions and resistance to various tropical diseases. Bullocks of this breed are used to drag heavy loads on all kinds of soil. Brazil, Mexico, USA and Venezuela have imported these animals where they are being bred successfully. These animals contribute significantly to the total milk production of Gujarat State. This paper presents information on breed characteristics, demographic distribution, morphological characteristics, management practices and reproduction and production parameters of Gir cattle.

Management Practices

                     The Rabaris, Bharwads, Maldharis, Ahirs and Charans tribes are mainly involved in rearing of Gir cattle. They move with their cattle from one place to another in search for grazing. Sufficient fodder is available in pastures of the breeding tract from July to December, thereafter animals migrate to the adjoining districts. The animals in migration stay in fallow land during the night. Nominal payment (by farmers) is made to the animal owners for their animals to stay in the fields as dung and urine are very precious for the soil fertility. The Gir animals are also kept at different gaushalas (cow barns) in Gujarat State. These animals are maintained on green fodder, concentrates and pasture. Natural mating is practised in the entire breeding tract except on a few farms where artificial insemination takes place. The calving season in Gir cows lasts from July to September.

 Physical Characteristics

- The coat colour of Gir animals varies from shades of red and white to almost black and white or entire red. 

- Skin colour is dominantly black but in a few animals it is brown. 

- Forehead is prominent, convex and broad like a bony shield. 

- This overhangs eyes in such a way that they appear to be partially closed and the animal shows sloppy appearance. 

- Ears are long and pendulous and folded like a leaf with a notch at the tip. 

- Horns are curved turning back at the tip. 

- They orient downwards and backwards from the base and incline a little upwards and forwards, thereafter. 

- Gir animals have moderately developed dewlap: males have a large and pendulous sheath. 

- The tail is long and whip like; hooves are black and medium-sized. hair is short and glossy; skin is loose and pliable; hipbones are prominent; the body is well proportioned; the udder in cows is well developed and round and teat tips are round.

Economic Character:-

 • Girl Cow Milk Per Day: 

Gir cows can yield more than 12 liters of milk per day.

Average milk yield in 300 days was 1 930 litres. Milk yield per day of calving interval was 4.98 litres. Average fat percentage in the milk ranged between 4.69±0.04 and 4.97±0.02. Gir animals are considered as hardy with low overall mortality (3.63 percent).

Gir Cow Cost:

                    Gir cow costs from 1 lakh to 2 lakhs rupees depending milk production, age, lactation status and pregnancy status. Generally, Pregnant Gir cow costs more than dry ones. Healthy and young Gir bull also costs in the similar range of Gir cow.

The advantages of having a Gir cow dairy farm: 

• Gir cows are considered as one of the largest dairy breeds in India. 

• High milk production capacity. Also, the milk from the Gir cow is considered to be of premium quality due to the presence of A-2 beta casein protein substance. 

• Low maintenance structure needed for farming these Gir cows. 

• The average lifespan of the Gir is high (12 to 15 years) and Low mortality rate. 

• The Gir breed has high fertility rate and can produce up to 10 calves during its lifespan. 

• This cow breed shows high resistance to diseases. -The value of the milk in the market is high. 

• These cattle are adaptable to mechanical milking techniques. 

• Natural mating is preferred while rearing this cattle breed rather than artificial insemination techniques. 

• The Gir breed is estimated to produce 1,590 kg of milk per lactation on an average. During the first

Mehsani Buffalo Breed

Full details about Mehsani Buffalo Breed like 

1. introduction about Breed

2. physical characteristics

3. economic character

4. utility of breed

5. coat of animals

1. Introduction of Mehsana Buffalo:

              The breeding tract of this breed is Mehsana, Gujarat; this breed is found in Sabarkantha and Banaskantha districts of Gujarat state. This breed is evolved out of crossbreeding between the Surti and the Murrah. Oliver describes the breed for the first time. Buffaloes play an important role in the agricultural economy of India because of their adaptability to harsh climatic conditions, tolerance to tropical diseases and survival under poor feeding and management practices. The skin color of Mehsana breed is black. The skin color of this breed is not as dark as that of the Murrah, and the horns are shorter and less curved. Mehsana buffaloes are well known for the regularity in breeding, persistence in milk and efficient milk production, which is apparently evident from the lactation length and short dry period.

 click heare for my YouTube channel

2. Physical characteristics of Mehsana: 

                  This breed of buffalo is a medium-sized docile animal with a low set deep body. 

- The Mehsana breed's forehead is wide with a slight depression in the middle sloping towards the base of the horns. 

- The horns of this breed are generally sickle shaped, curved upwards and then bend downwards and its neck is long and well set on the shoulders.

- Mehsana buffalo is massive and dewlap is almost absent in males. Its chest is deep with broad brisket. 

- Its legs are medium to short length with clean and broad bones and the barrel is long and deep, with well- sprung ribs. 

- In females of this breed, the four quarters are light while the hindquarters are wide and heavy giving a wedge shaped appearance. 

- This breed's back is straight and strong with pelvic joints higher than the withers with a very small navel flap.

- The horns of this breed are less curved at the end compared to Murrah breed, but are longer and could be of irregular shape.

- Mehsana breed's tail is of medium thickness and long with black or brown switch. 

- Its skin is thin, pliable and soft and generally black with rough and scanty hair. 

- The average adult body weight changes from 365 to 455 kg in females and about 500 kg in males. 

- The udder in this breed is well developed and well set and in good milking animals it is carried well behind. 

- The teats are fairly thick, long and pliable with prominent milk vein.

- Its eyes are very prominent, black and bright bulging from their sockets with folds of skin on the upper lids.

3. Economic Characteristics of Mehsana Buffalo: 

a. Age at First Parturition: Average 42-48 Months.

b. Milk Production/ lactation: 1800-2000 Kg.

c. Mehsana Buffalo Milk Per day:

 Mehsana Buffalos can yield more than 7-9 liters of milk per day.

d. Parturition Interval: 10-31 months with average of 16 months.

e. Milk Fat percentage: Average 7-7.5 %. 

f. Total estimated Population in the state in 2007: 33,70,215 (2007).

4. Utility of the Mehsana Buffalo Breed: 

              About 7.5 percent of farmers reared buffaloes for milk production and 44 percent for both breeding and milk purposes. Farmers who kept Mehsana buffaloes for breeding represented only 1.5 percent of the total surveyed. About 65 percent of the farmers sold Mehsana buffaloes to businessmen, who took the animals to Mumbai and Ahmadabad for milk production. These businessmen send them for slaughtering after completion of lactation.

5. Mehsana Buffalo Cost:

               Usually, Mehsana Buffalo costs from 50,000 to 1,30,000 rupees depending milk production, age, lactation status and pregnancy status. Generally, Pregnant Mehsana Buffalo costs more than dry ones. Healthy and young Mehsana bull also costs in the similar range of Mehsana Buffalo.

પશુપાલનનો ધંધો શરૂ કરતાં પહેલા આ પાંચ મુદ્દા વિચારવા જરૂરી છે. (5M નો સિધ્ધાંત)

પશુપાલનનો ધંધો શરૂ કરતાં પહેલા આ પાંચ મુદ્દા વિચારવા જરૂરી છે. (5M નો સિધ્ધાંત)

વીડિયો જોવા માટે ક્લીક કરો

૧. મેન પાવર ( માનવ શક્તિ ):-

                   આ ધંધો સતત પ્રક્રિયા વાળો ધંધો છે . આમાં કોઈ દિવસ રજા નથી હોતી , પશુપાલનમાં દેખરેખ , સફાઈ માટે , ઘાસ કાપવા , ઘાસ લાવવા પશુઓને નિરણ કરવા , દોહન કાર્ય - મંડળીમાં ભરાવવા વગેરેમાં સતત માનવ શક્તિની જરૂર પડે છે . અંદાજે ૧૦ પુખ્ત પશુઓ દિઠ ૧ થી ર માણસોની જરૂર રહે . વધુ મોટા ફાર્મમાં ખેતી અને પશુપાલનના આધુનિક સાધનો માટે હિસાબ - કિતાબ માટે થોડો કાર્યકુશળ સ્ટાફ પણ જોઈએ . 

૨. મની ( પૈસા ) :-

                  પૈસાની વ્યવસ્થા ન હોય તો પછીથી જોયુ જશે - વ્યવસ્થા કરી લઈશુ એવી વિચારણા સાથે પશુઓ ખરીદી લેશો નહિ . હયાત દેવુ , બચતો , ખેતીમાં થનાર ખર્ચ સામે થનાર આવક , સરકાર - સંઘ દ્વારા ચાલુ હોય એવી કોઈ લોન કે અન્ય પ્રકારની સહાય યોજના , પોતાના ઘરે આવનારા સમયમાં કરવા પડે એવા સામાજિક પ્રસંગો , આકસ્મિક મોટી બિમારીઓની સારવાર વગેરેનો બરાબર વિચાર કરી આયોજન પૂર્વક આ ધંધામાં શરૂઆત કરજો .

3. મશીનરી : 

                  આમાં પશુપાલનના ધંધા માટે જે કોઈ સ્થાવર મિલ્કત જોઈએ તેનો વિચાર કરવો પડે . 

જાનવરો રાખવા માટેની જગ્યા 

- લાઈટ કનેક્શન માટે સગવડ 

- સાફ સફાઈ માટે સાધનો પાણી માટે બોર 

- કુવો - ઈલે.મોટર 

- ટાંકી ઘાસચારો રાખવાની વ્યવસ્થા , ઘાસચારો કાપવાના સાધનો ( ખેતરમાંથી અને શેડ પર ) દૂધ દોહન અને સંગ્રહ માટે જરૂરી સાધનો 

- મશીનરી ઘાસચારો - દાણ - દૂધ વહનના સાધનો ઘાસચારા માટે જમીન 

-ફાર્મ પર રાખેલ માણસો માટે રહેવાની જગ્યા અને બાંધકામ 

-પશુઓની સુખાકારી માટે પંખા , ફોગર અને નેટવગેરે ... આ સિવાય પણ અન્ય પાસાઓ હોઈ શકે છે . 

-દરેકમાં શક્ય હોય એટલો વૈજ્ઞાનિક અને આધુનિક અભિગમ અપનાવવો પણ આંધળી દોટ કદી ન ભરશો .

૪. મટીરીયલ ( કાચો માલ ) : 

                        મુખ્યત્વે પશુઓ , ઘાસચારો , દાણ , મિનરલ મીલ્ચર જેવા પૂરક આહારો . લીલાચારાનો પડતર ખર્ચ ઓછો હોય છે . બારેમાસ ઉપલબ્ધ રાખી પ્રતિ લિટર દૂધ ઉત્પાદને ખોરાક ખર્ચ ઘટાડવો . સીઝન પ્રમાણે સૂકા ચારાની વ્યવસ્થા કરતા રહેવું . 

૫. મેથળ - મેનેજમેન્ટ ( કાર્ય કરવાની પધ્ધતિ - નિયંત્રણ ) : 

                     જરૂરી એવા રેકોર્ડની નોંધણી કરી એના પરથી ધંધાની વર્તમાન પરિસ્થિતિ જાણી શકાય . ભવિષ્ય માટે કાર્ય વ્યવસ્થાના આયોજન માટે , પશુઓના આરોગ્યની જાળવણી માટે , ઉંચી ગુણવત્તાવાળા દૂધ ઉત્પાદન માટે . ફાર્મ પર કામ કરનારા માણસોમાં ટીમવર્ક અને ફાર્મ માટે માલિકીપણાની ભાવના જળવાઈ રહે તેમનો પણ આર્થિક વિકાસ થાય તે માટે.